Moreover, as increased levels of LL-37 have been reported in chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (47), psoriasis, and systemic lupus erythematosus (48, 49), results of this study imply that Cdc42 GTPase may be a useful drug target to selectively control LL-37-associated pro-inflammatory responses such as leukocyte recruitment to the site of inflammation, without compromising the anti-inflammatory functions of the peptide. Here, CDC42 is linked to psoriasis.