TGFB1 and familial long QT syndrome: Hence, these finding are hypothesis generating, including, but not limited to 1) a direct influence of TGFβ signaling pathway on ventricular repolarization, 2) a genetic modulation of the LQTS phenotype23, but also 3) an uncoupling effect of an abnormal fibrosis leading to pro-arrhythmic increase in ventricular repolarization dispersion24.