PTEN and neoplasm: For example, our and others’ studies showed that loss of PTEN, claudin-3, or PDLIM1 expression could induce CRC EMT and/or metastasis by enhancing the activation of Wnt signaling10,29,30, while surface expression of FGFR4, GPCR48, and FZD8 would response upon autocrine or paracrine growth factors or cytokines in tumor microenvironment to induce aggressive capacity by activating Wnt signaling11,12,31.