Besides the inflammatory response, we and others have reported that TLR3 ligands can induce apoptosis in various human tumor cells such as breast adenocarcinoma (ADC)2, clear renal carcinoma3, oral carcinoma4, head and neck cancer5,6, nasopharyngeal carcinoma7,8, melanoma9,10, prostate carcinoma11, multiple myeloma12, or non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)13. Here, TLR3 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.