Building upon previous work, Birkenkamp-Demtröder et al. [49] used the same three ddPCR assays for PIK3CA and FGFR3 hotspot mutations in combination with WES to screen diagnostic tumour tissue taken at transurethral resection (TUR) in 60 patients with MIBC, comprising of 50 commencing NAC and 10 commencing palliative chemotherapy. Here, FGFR3 is linked to neoplasm.