HMGB1 and prostate carcinoma: Interestingly, SA has also been shown to directly bind high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1), whose overexpression in prostate cancer is closely associated with the proliferation and aggressiveness of tumor cells, and which is known to promote the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer PC3 cells via the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)/NF-κB signaling pathway [81,82].