For example, HMGB1 induces drug resistance by activating leukemia cell autophagy via the PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 pathway, and reduced expression of HMGB1 activates mTOR and promotes the phosphorylation of Akt and p70S6k, inhibiting leukemia cell autophagy and increasing drug sensitivity [12, 36]. Here, HMGB1 is linked to leukemia.