Indeed, the MSCs of the B-ALL+A2D group showed significantly decreased gene expression levels of those cytokines, including SCF; cytokines CXCL12, ANGPT-1, and IL7; and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) (Fig. 3d-e). This evidence concerns the gene VCAM1 and precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.