Using a xenograft tumor transplant model, Fu et al. [98] showed that cPLA2 can play an opposing role in TGF-β-induced signaling pathways by inhibiting Smad2/3 phosphorylation and promoting the activation of PI3K/AKT/ERK pathways to mediate EMT of HCC. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.