Sirtuin-1 deacetylates NF-κB, forkhead box class O (FOXO)-3, p21, p16, p53, Klotho, β-catenin/Wnt, and histones, all of which are associated with the cellular senescence and pathology of COPD (15, –17). Here, NFKB1 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.