ESR1 and neoplasm: Previous clinical trials in hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-negative, node-positive (N+) breast cancer showed that chemotherapy plus hormonal therapy yielded better outcomes than hormonal therapy alone.6–8 In a meta-analysis, the Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (EBCTCG) showed that this benefit of chemotherapy is largely independent of age, nodal status, tumor differentiation, or estrogen receptor (ER) level.