In this study, we compared the levels of serum miR-122 among Chinese patients with different forms of diabetes, including HNF1A-DM, T2DM, type 1 diabetes (T1DM), glucokinase variant-induced diabetes (GCK-DM), and mitochondrial A3243G mutation-induced diabetes (MDM). The gene discussed is HNF1A; the disease is diabetes mellitus.