ITCH and prostate carcinoma: Li et al. (2015a) found that circRNA-ITCH interacts with miR-7, miR-17, and miR-214 as well as upregulates the expression of ITCH. During embryogenesis, sisR-4 promotes transcription of its host gene by activating an enhancer present in the intron where sisR-4 is encoded, which is essential for development (Tay & Pek, 2017). HNRNPL directly regulates the alternative splicing of RNAs, including encoding the androgen receptor, the key lineage-specific prostate cancer oncogene (Fei et al., 2017).