TNF and infection: As we all know that NS is mainly caused by infections, the levels of proinflammatory genes were also observed, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-7 (IL-7), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and interferon alpha-1 (IFNA1).