A local production of ICAM-1, cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF), and chemokines (CCL2 and CCL5) is believed to be induced by the NF-κβ and AP-1 pathways in HTLV-1-infected epithelial cells; this mechanism can explain, in part, the pathogenesis of HTLV-1-related lung diseases characterized by the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and expression of adhesion molecules by the infected cells (Teruya et al., 2008). This evidence concerns the gene IL1A and lung disorder.