MBD1 and viral infectious disease: Although mBD-1 has little effect with bacterial infections, this β-defensin may be more important in the pathogenesis of viral infections, for infecting mBD-1−/− mice with mouse-adapted Hong Kong 1968 influenza A (H3N2) led to greater lung inflammation, body weight loss and mortality compared with WT C57Bl/6 mice [48].