INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Table 1 summarizes the demographics and clinical characteristics of both groups. Among all subjects, those in the obesity group had significantly higher BMI, SBP, DBP, TG, LDL-C, insulin, HbAC1, GPT, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, insulinogenic index, C-peptide index, hsCRP, IL-6, and TNF-α (all P < 0.05) levels than the control group, whereas HDL-C levels were lower in obesity group compared with control group. Moreover, the levels of insulin, HOMA-β, and insulinogenic index were higher in insulin-resistant obese subjects compared to noninsulin-resistant obese subjects (Table 2).