However, there was no statistical difference between the reciprocal of Gutt AUC and the following 11 indices of AUC (OGIS, Matsuda, HOMA-AD, Avignon, ISI0min, HOMA-IR, FIRI, Bennet, HOMA-2-IS, fasting insulin, and Raynaud; P ≥ 0.0024), indicating that these equations provide an index of insulin resistance that identifies individuals with the metabolic syndrome (Fig. 2; Additional file 3). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Insulin resistance.