Establishment of productive HIV-1 infection in monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) also upregulated CD169 (Fig. 3o), and the activation was suppressed by efavirenz (EFZ, an RT inhibitor), raltegravir (Ral) and KPT-330 (Fig. 3p, q and Supplementary Fig. 3h). Here, RALA is linked to HIV-1 infection.