UCP1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Rabadan-Chávez et al. showed that cocoa powder (10 mg/mL) and cocoa extract (10 mg/mL) upregulated the expression of Pparα, Pgc1α, Sirt1, and Ucp1 genes, which caused browning effect on the RWAT of rats with HFD-induced obesity, but this upregulation was less effective than that induced individually by the flavanols epicatechin, catechin, and procyanidin B2 [88].