Lyme disease has been associated with the proinflammatory cytokines Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8, Interleukin-12, Interleukin-18 and interferon-gamma; the chemokines CXCL12, CXCL13 and CCL19 and increased levels of proinflammatory lipoproteins [24,25,26,27,28]. Here, CXCL12 is linked to Lyme disease.