Significant data also suggest a protective role of gelsolin against HIV-1 infections due to (i) weakening HIV-1 Env-gp120-mediated F-actin reorganization and viral receptor capping required for virus fusion and infection and (ii) inhibition of T-cell apoptosis induced by HIV-Viral protein R (Vpr) via blocking the interaction between Vpr and voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) [118,119]. The gene discussed is GSN; the disease is infection.