MDK and breast cancer: Recently, the CxBladder Monitor and the Xpert Bladder Cancer Monitor (Table 1), two urine-based tests for BC surveillance which measure the expression levels of different sets of five mRNAs (CDK1, CXCR2, HOXA13, IGFBP5 and MDK; and ABL1, ANXA10, CRH, IGF2 and UPK1B, respectively), have been evaluated as follow-up methods for NMIBC patients after TURBT of primary or recurrent tumours.