In contrast, the expansion and activation of OBs is significantly blocked in MM bone disease due to increased secretion of OB inhibitory factors including: dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1), soluble frizzled-related protein 2 (sFRP2), sFRP3, IL-3, IL-7, growth factor independence-1 (gfi1), hepatocyte growth factor, activin A, sclerostin, and TNF-α (2, 62, 79–84). Here, TNF is linked to Miyoshi myopathy.