Three out of four, showed also mutations in the critical region of lissencephaly (LIS1 markers; see Table 5) that can explain the macroscopic structural abnormalities associated to migration anomalies and cortical dysplasia, as has been reported in animal models and patients (Wurst et al., 1994; Yang et al., 2008; Cheng et al., 2010; Hadjivassiliou et al., 2010). The gene discussed is PAFAH1B1; the disease is lissencephaly spectrum disorders.