C9orf72 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Although the physiological significance remains to be determined, DRPs from C9orf72 actually transmit from cells to cells in neighborhood via the exosome-dependent and exosome-independent pathways27,28, and even are secreted to cerebrospinal fluid of ALS patients29, suggesting that intercellular communication via DRPs may contribute to the development of diseases and inhibition of uptake of DRPs could be a novel therapeutic target.