NFKB1 and atherosclerosis: Activation of the NF-κB pathway plays a central role in inflammation and can be induced by gene encoding, proinflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules, chemokines, growth factors, and monocytes bound to the endothelium [55]; Nuclear factor-κB transcription factors are key regulators of inflammation and cell death in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis [56].