TNF and psoriasis: Indeed, several biological pathways have been implicated in the association between psoriasis and hypertension including overexpression of endothelin in vascular endothelial cells and keratinocytes, increased oxidative stress, and common inflammatory mechanisms such as tumor necrosis factor and interleukin (IL)-17 [19–23]; however, previous prospective cohort studies investigating the association between hypertension and the risk of psoriasis development are rare [13].