LMNA and Werner syndrome: Malouf syndrome is caused by heterozygous LMNA mutations within the N-terminal parts of lamin A. In 2003 mutations were identified in patients originally described as suffering from Werner syndrome, but with no mutation in the RECQL2 gene and therefore named atypical Werner syndrome (35)–though if the clinical phenotypes were actually matching Werner syndrome was not absolutely clear (36, 37).