ELANE and Sepsis: However, considering the crucial role of histone citrullination in NETosis, and the large number of studies showing sepsis-induced elevations of various markers associated with NETs, such as cfDNA11,15,22, nucleosomes23,24, neutrophil elastase-DNA complexes25, MPO-DNA complexes12, and in vitro NET formation9,13, neutrophil activation and NETs seem a conceivable source.