However, strong suppression of IFN-γ production, together with the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (IL-1ß, IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α) (Tables 2 and 3), might also have contributed to the increase in melanin production in melanoma cells (Fig 5) [5, 53] and finally, to the enhancement of the anti-oxidant actions of the combined treatment. Here, TNF is linked to melanoma.