Compared to controls (60% male, 53 ± 10 years), CAC patients (83% male, 63 ± 10 years, median CAC [25–75 percentile] of 527.5 [255; 1269] AU) were older, predominantly men, had higher rates of hypertension and diabetes, were more frequently treated with aspirin, ACE inhibitors/ angiotensin II receptor blockers, metformin and statins, and had lower levels of plasma LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol (Table 1). Here, ACE is linked to hypertensive disorder.