CCL25 and CCR9 drive gut specific leukocyte recruitment under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions, but in the context of IBD their role can be overshadowed by inflammatory chemokines.11,12 Human LPL and IEL express the chemokine receptors CCR2, CCR5, and CXCR3 that play an important role during leukocyte recruitment to the inflamed intestine.11 Under normal circumstances the colonic epithelium expresses low levels of the chemokine ligands for CXCR3 (namely CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11). This evidence concerns the gene CXCR3 and inflammatory bowel disease.