Studies of immunoblockade of CCR9 and CCL25 in the Samp1/Yit model, showing an effect on early but not late inflammation, suggest that timing of intervention may also be important, with the possibility of a role in preventing or inducing rather than maintaining remission.29 The only orally bioavailable CCR9 antagonist, CCX282-B (Chemocentryx, USA)52 is a potent inhibitor of CCR9+ T cell-mediated chemotaxis in vitro, and results in near complete protection against ileitis in the TnfΔARE model.34 Additionally CCX282-B attenuated colitis in oxazolone-treated animals.43 Here, CCL25 is linked to colitis.