Functional assays on hub transcription factors of these two disease gene modules demonstrated that ZNF554 (M1) down-regulation leads to impaired trophoblast invasion, while BCL6 and ARNT2 (M2) overexpression sensitizes the trophoblast to ischemia, which are hallmarks in the pathogenesis of preterm preeclampsia. Here, ZNF554 is linked to preeclampsia.