The serum cytokines such as IFN-β, CXCL10, and IL-6 induced by infection of HSV-1, VACV, and MCMV were impaired in Zcchc3−/− in comparison to Zcchc3+/+ mice, and ZCCHC3-deficiency renders the mice more susceptible to HSV-1- or VACV-induced death. Here, IFNB1 is linked to infection.