GIPR and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP1) is a metalloproteinase that can regulate the formation of the extracellular matrix and dorsal-ventral patterning in early embryos [46, 47]; While glucose-dependent insulinotropic receptor (GIPR), which is responsible for insulin secretion, has been reported to be associated with obesity and weight gain [48–50].