As this disease of premature infants is believed to be largely driven by hypoxia-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α) signaling pathway and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in retina (Penn et al. 2008; Cavallaro et al. 2014; Campochiaro 2015), with characteristic hypoxia-induced pathological angiogenesis (Cavallaro et al. 2014; Fleck and McIntosh 2008; Hartnett and Penn 2012), current study of therapeutic development for ROP has largely focused on anti-VEGF therapy. The gene discussed is HIF1A; the disease is retinopathy of prematurity.