SPINK1 and pancreatitis: In the following years, loss-of-function variants in the pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (SPINK1) (Chen et al., 2000), calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) (Felderbauer et al., 2003) and chymotrypsinogen C (CTRC) (Szmola & Sahin-Toth, 2007) genes, firmly established the pivotal role of prematurely activated trypsin within the pancreas in the etiology of pancreatitis.