OSMR and systemic lupus erythematosus: Recent study has shown that OSMR plays an important role in systemic lupus erythematosus, and further leads to the stimulation of various cytokines and inflammatory substances, such as IL-6 and IL-11 by activating the JAK/STAT pathway and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways (Lin et al., 2014).