GNG11 and neoplasm: A recent study in breast cancer patients has demonstrated that the expression of the major tumor metastatic promoter (MMP-) 9 was dramatically reduced among SEMA6D-high samples, while the levels of other tumour metastatic promoters such as TGF-β-related factors, ZEB2, ZEB1, and GNG11 directly correlated with levels of SEMA6D (Chen et al., 2015).