Highlighting its importance as a defense against infection, a wide variety of evolutionarily diverse viruses including Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1), HCMV, Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1), and Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) have evolved mechanisms to modulate NFκB signaling [87]. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is infection.