Differences in experimental models or setups including in vitro or in vivo are likely to explain this disparity between studies39 since the same conflicting data are seen on the role of PINK1 in mitochondrial dynamics.36, 37, 53 Further investigations should focus on identifying why the role of PINK1 may differ between models and cells, as this may be of relevance in the search for effective targeted PD therapies. The gene discussed is PINK1; the disease is Parkinson disease.