IFN-γ has been shown to induce both early and late blocks to HIV-1 infection in CD4+ T cells, macrophages and a number of commonly used cell lines (Kane et al., 2016; Hammer et al., 1986; Koyanagi et al., 1988; Kornbluth et al., 1989; Meylan et al., 1993; Rihn et al., 2017). Here, CD4 is linked to HIV-1 infection.