Such a phenotype is linked to stem-like cells (49, 50) and is associated with metastasis and a higher migratory capacity (51, 52); (3) increased stem cell population, as assayed by breast cancer stem cell autofluorescence and ALDH1A1 activity, and (4) increased mammosphere formation, with a significant increase in stem cell population. Here, ALDH1A1 is linked to breast carcinoma.