Expression of PGC-1α and its downstream factors were diminished in animal models of HF induced by aortic banding (Garnier et al., 2003) and post-MI (Javadov et al., 2006) as well as in patients with HF (Finck and Kelly, 2007; Mistry and Cresci, 2010). Here, PPARGC1A is linked to hydrops fetalis.