Many studies have demonstrated that activated TGF-β1 induces myofibroblast formation and increases extracellular matrix deposition by upregulating collagen synthesis and inhibiting matrix degradation, which leads to myocardial fibrosis (Bujak and Frangogiannis, 2007; Liu et al., 2015; Mewhort et al., 2016). Here, TGFB1 is linked to Myocardial fibrosis.