CARD9 and fungal infectious disease: Human CARD9 deficiency is characterized by the spontaneous development of fungal infections that predominantly localize to the oral mucosa, CNS, bone, and subcutaneous tissues, and often involves specific families of pathogenic fungi including Candida species (CNS, bone, and mucosal disease) and dark-walled molds and yeast-like fungi (e.g., Aspergillus, Exophiala, and Phialophora) that localize to the CNS, skin, bone, and abdominal organs (3, 21, 41–43).