TGFB1 and neoplasm: TLRs expressed among TME can not only induce self-programmed cell death, but also release cytokines and chemokine in the tumor environment, recruiting the immune cells to further release pro-inflammatory cytokines, pro-angiogenic factors and growth factors (Killeen et al., 2006; Zhou et al., 2009), such as TGFβ, IL-8, CXCR4, ICAM-1, and VEGF, which may repair the anti-tumor function of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and effector T-cells as well as apoptosis response.