This is consistent with our previous findings that down-regulation of Kir4.1 expression was observed only in the GTCSs model (e.g., Noda epileptic rats), but not in the absence seizure model (Groggy rats), implying that pathophysiological alterations of Kir4.1 are not linked to non-convulsive absence seizures (Harada et al., 2013, 2014; Ohno et al., 2015). The gene discussed is KCNJ10; the disease is juvenile absence epilepsy.