KCNJ10 and epilepsy: In addition, astrocytic Kir4.1 expression was reported to be reduced (down-regulated) in the brain regions related to seizure foci in patients with epilepsy and animal models of epilepsy (Ferraro et al., 2004; Inyushin et al., 2010; Das et al., 2012; Heuser et al., 2012; Steinhäuser et al., 2012; Harada et al., 2013).