ATG5 and neoplasm: Recent studies have demonstrated that TCS exerts significant anti-tumor effect on human gastric cancer MKN-45 cells via up-regulation of the autophagy protein 5 (Atg5), and conversion of the autophagosome marker LC3 I to LC3 II, then activates NF-kB/p53 pathway, thereby inducing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce gastric cancer cell autophagy [104].